数控机床上安装测头可以实现在线检测、自动找正以及自动补偿和零件的尺寸公差控制，大大提高了数控机床的自动化程度，但其硬件和软件的匹配、价格因素、给编程人员增加了编程测头的工作量等因素制约着数控机床在线检测技术的应用和普及，但我认为随着软件和硬件的发展，编程人员需要掌握多种传感器的应用是趋势，不仅要在程序中考虑刀具的状态，还需要融入在线检测技术，视觉检测、三坐标检测等等，下面就说一下通过在线测头在数控机床上读取工件的点位数据，通过NX软件进行数据的分析，简单的替代了一下三坐标的功能，通过数据分析及在三坐标上实测，精度相差甚微，感觉在线检测的技术边界在向三坐标精密检测技术渗透。下面给一个我做的案例:

                           在数控机床上在线取点

                                                 点导入到NX数模中

      部分检测数据：

-----------------------------------------------------------
                               TOLERANCE SUMMARY


TOLERANCE NAME                           STATUS

PLANE1_FLAT                              FAIL
PLANE3_DISTB_1                           FAIL
PLANE3_PARLEL                            FAIL
CYLINDER1_CIRLTY                         PASS
上表面平面度                                   PASS
====================================================================

                               TOLERANCE DETAIL

TOLERANCE TEXT        FLT|0.01

TOLERANCE NAME        PLANE1_FLAT
FEATURE NAME          PLANE1
MAX DEVIATION         0.070983
STATUS                FAIL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
POINT          DESIGN       ACTUAL      XFORMED       DELTA     DEVIATION   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
PT 4                                                             0.035490   
       X    65.669800    65.669800    65.671787     0.001987
       Y   -30.000000   -30.018900   -30.035490    -0.035490
       Z     8.000000     8.000000     7.999531    -0.000469

PT 5                                                            -0.035491   
       X   -56.699300   -56.699300   -56.699341    -0.000041
       Y   -30.000000   -29.201900   -29.964509     0.035491
       Z    40.000000    40.000000    40.002125     0.002125

PT 6                                                            -0.035491   
       X   -65.481200   -65.481200   -65.479280     0.001920
       Y   -30.000000   -29.867900   -29.964509     0.035491
       Z     8.000000     8.000000     7.994658    -0.005342

PT 7                                                             0.035491   
       X   -69.811300   -69.811300   -69.811300    -0.000000
       Y   -30.000000   -29.264900   -30.035491    -0.035491
       Z    40.000000    40.000000    40.000000     0.000000
------------------------------------------

     部分形位公差检测报告

                      在NX中进行形位公差分析

加工后再取点

                     加工外圆和内孔后取点

                  导入加工后测头检测的数据

分析一下数据;

TOLERANCE SUMMARY
TOLERANCE NAME                           STATUS

Φ12外圆柱_DIAM                              PASS
Φ12圆柱度分析                                 FAIL
Φ20内孔_DIAM                               FAIL
Φ20内孔圆柱度                                 PASS
====================================================================

                               TOLERANCE DETAIL

TOLERANCE TEXT        DIAM 12.000000 +0.000000 -0.060000


TOLERANCE NAME        Φ12外圆柱_DIAM
FEATURE NAME          Φ12外圆柱
MIN DIAMETER          11.668568
MAX DIAMETER          12.236790
MID DIAMETER          11.952679
STATUS                PASS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
POINT          DESIGN       ACTUAL      XFORMED       DELTA     DEVIATION   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
PT 1                                                             0.010731   
       X   -40.363419   -40.360200   -40.217567     0.145852
       Y   -13.283865   -13.253700   -13.288635    -0.004770
       Z    42.168000    42.168000    42.157118    -0.010882

PT 2                                                            -0.113083   
       X   -46.512787   -46.508200   -46.375869     0.136918
       Y   -21.618371   -21.616400   -21.650588    -0.032217
       Z    41.732000    41.732000    41.881764     0.149764

PT 3                                                             0.014551   
       X   -41.304013   -41.306200   -41.286135     0.017878
       Y   -13.257707   -13.214600   -13.242230     0.015477
       Z    37.838000    37.838000    37.855797     0.017797

PT 4                                                             0.003452   
       X   -46.847125   -46.862400   -46.843543     0.003582
       Y   -20.595784   -20.599300   -20.626736    -0.030952
       Z    37.729000    37.729000    37.892157     0.163157

PT 5                                                            -0.151089   
       X   -35.043565   -35.371400   -35.195435    -0.151870
       Y   -19.971723   -19.932000   -19.969045     0.002678
       Z    43.424000    43.424000    43.259690    -0.164310

PT 6                                                            -0.108985   
       X   -46.397282   -46.432200   -46.284923     0.112359
       Y   -16.629056   -16.612100   -16.647171    -0.018115
       Z    42.251000    42.251000    42.406835     0.155835

PT 7                                                             0.010775   
       X   -35.179516   -35.187100   -35.174773     0.004743
       Y   -20.706698   -20.704800   -20.732128    -0.025430
       Z    37.665000    37.665000    37.496484    -0.168516

PT 8                                                             0.020108   
       X   -41.137371   -41.137100   -40.986834     0.150537
       Y   -25.248427   -25.236600   -25.271987    -0.023560
       Z    42.446000    42.446000    42.436857    -0.009143

PT 9                                                             0.030509   
       X   -45.288900   -45.333700   -45.315532    -0.026632
       Y   -15.054128   -15.010300   -15.037724     0.016404
       Z    37.717000    37.717000    37.846179     0.129179

PT 10                                                            0.041859   
       X   -41.241995   -41.242600   -41.220014     0.021981
       Y   -25.245118   -25.260100   -25.287899    -0.042781
       Z    37.948000    37.948000    37.943633    -0.004367

出个检测报告：

    上述的点数据完全是在数控机床上通过测头实际取的数据，NX负责读取点和分析数据及出检测报告，经和三坐标数据对比，精度比较理想

篇幅有限就不贴三坐标数据了，后面再探讨！